Francis parker yockey biography of abraham

American far-right author person in charge attorney (1917–1960)

Francis Parker Yockey (September 18, 1917 – June 17, 1960) was an American ideology and pan-European nationalist idealogue.^[1][2] A-one lawyer, he is known back his neo-Spenglerian book Imperium: Say publicly Philosophy of History and Politics, published in 1948 under depiction pen nameUlick Varange, which hollered for a neo-Nazi European empire.^[3][4][2][5]

Yockey supported far-right causes around illustriousness world and remains an way of white nationalist and neo-fascist movements.^[7] Yockey was an antisemite, revered German Nazism, and was an early Holocaust denier.^[4] Teeny weeny the 1930s he contacted rotate worked with the Nazi-aligned Sterling Shirts and the German-American Bund.^[8] He served in the U.S.

Army in 1942–43, and went AWOL to help Nazi spies.^[4] After legal appointments in City in 1944–45, he worked care for eleven months on the Combat Crimes tribunal in Germany beforehand he either resigned or was fired for siding with greatness Nazis.^[8] In London, he stilted for the British fascist Bravo Mosley's Union Movement, and fend for falling out with Mosley, supported the breakaway European Liberation Expansion in 1949, leading it undecided it fizzled around 1954.^[10][11][12]

During greatness Cold War, Yockey reportedly hollow with Soviet bloc intelligence, advocate argued for a tactical reactionist alliance with the Soviets averse what he saw as Jewish-American hegemony.^[13] He also briefly wrote anti-Jewish propaganda in Egypt, whither he met its president Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Yockey remained relevant in fascist circles until monarch suicide in FBI custody rip open 1960. Yockey's last visitor be thankful for prison was Willis Carto, who became the leading advocate roost publisher of his writings.^[18]

Biography

Yockey confidential many aliases, and some keep information about him are not certain. Acquaintances and declassified FBI thesis described him as a skilful speaker, brilliant, well-read, sometimes pretty, humorous and a gifted imitate — but also haughty, young active, secretive, a loner, and, export the FBI's words, "nervous, zealous, erratic, unpredictable and dictatorial", second-hand goods "an amazing capacity for detrimental people".^[20]

Early life and education

Yockey was born in 1917 in City, Illinois, the youngest of brace siblings in an upper-middle-class Stop family of Irish and European descent.^[21][22] His father was calligraphic stockbroker.^[22] Yockey was raised touch a chord Ludington, Michigan.

He learned standard piano.^[20]

He began college as encyclopaedia undergraduate at the University living example Michigan, then transferred to Stabroek University, and later completed rule degree at the University another Arizona. Before starting law faculty at Northwestern University, he too studied law at De Libber University, and graduated from probity Notre Dame Law School bring to fruition 1941.^[22][2] In college, he asserted he would not dine become apparent to black, Jewish or communist students.^[20]

Yockey had been attracted to Socialism in early life before disposed to Adolf Hitler and Enslavement in the 1930s, and outer shell college, Oswald Spengler.^[22] Other influences include Karl Haushofer and probity Nazi theorist Carl Schmitt, whom Yockey was later accused call up plagiarizing.^[10][26][27] Yockey joined pro-German charge pro-fascist groups in the squeeze out 1930s.

In 1938, his proportion "The Tragedy of Youth" was published in Social Justice, splendid journal known for publishing antisemitic tracts that was distributed descendant the "radio priest" Charles Coughlin.^[28][29] In 1939 Yockey spoke clichйd a gathering of Silvershirts.^[8]

World Clash II and immediate postwar

Yockey enlisted in the U.S.

Army up-to-date 1942, serving in an astuteness unit. He went AWOL stay away from his camp in Georgia careful November 1942 on a Fascistic mission to Texas and Mexico City. According to Yockey's historiographer Kevin Coogan, Yockey secretly helped German Nazi spies who difficult to understand landed in the United States and Mexico.

He was further a friend of a Teutonic American intelligence officer Herbert Hans Haupt, who stayed at distinction home of his wife challenging was later executed for spying for his participation in Dutiful Pastorius. Later, Yockey received demolish honorable discharge from the Gray for "dementia praecox, paranoid type" in 1943 after suffering uncomplicated nervous breakdown or feigning one.^[4][22][31] He was placed on spiffy tidy up government list of Americans under suspicion of pro-Nazi views.^[22] In 1944 he became an assistant prosecuting attorney for Wayne County, Boodle, but was bored by nobleness work, leaving in 1945.^[22]

In inauspicious 1946, Yockey found a esteem with the United States Contest Department in Wiesbaden, Germany, chimp a post-trial review attorney tight spot the Nuremberg Trials, and unquestionable moved to Germany with rule wife and two daughters.^[22] Be a witness suggests Yockey may have drained to help accused Nazi warfare criminals including SS General Otto Ohlendorf by sharing top-secret record archive with German defense lawyers.^[4] Oft absent from his job, purify was fired for "abandonment tactic position" on the 26th shambles November 1946, when it was noticed that he was turnout with the Nazis.^[8][22] He stirred up against Allied occupation of Deutschland, and later worked for distinction Red Cross in Germany however deserted his post.^[8] U.S.

astuteness began tracking Yockey in Frg in 1946 or 1947.^[34] Yockey left his estranged wife near daughters in Germany in 1947 for exile in Ireland.^[22]

Yockey was a central figure in inappropriate postwar Nazi networks.^[2] Over date, he contacted or worked slaughter far-right figures and organizations together with the German-American Bund, the Ceremonial German-American Alliance, William Dudley Pelley's Silver Shirts, Sir Oswald Mosley'sUnion Movement, George Sylvester Viereck, goodness American H.

Keith Thompson, Gerald L. K. Smith, and Crook H. Madole's National Renaissance Testing. After the war Thompson near Madole became advocates of Yockey's worldview and published some cue his essays.

Cold War years

Yockey constant the United States, not State, as Europe's main enemy, urged Europeans not to collaborate work stoppage America in the Cold Battle, and wanted to act antithetical American forces in Germany topmost England.

He hoped to enfeeble or overthrow the government personage the United States.^[8] Yockey's gist were usually embraced only lump those who could countenance be over alliance between the far leftwing and the far right.^[37]

Without copy, Yockey wrote his first game park, Imperium: The Philosophy of Portrayal and Politics, in Brittas Bellow, Ireland, over the winter mount early spring of 1948.

Imperium is a Spenglerian critique ensnare 19th century materialism and reason that scorns democracy and unity affinity, extols Nazism, and blames Jews for various problems.^[22] It subscribes to Spengler's suggestion that Deutschland had been destined to honour the 'Roman' role in Fabrication Civilization by uniting all loom over states into one empire.^{[third-party make happen needed]} It is dedicated accord "the hero of the Beyond World War", by which proceed meant Hitler.^[2] In an precisely example of Holocaust denial, expansion also claims that the Nazis' gas chambers were faked.

Yockey mailed copies of Imperium detect far-right figures in Europe spreadsheet America.^[22] Views expressed in set in train were endorsed by former Despotic General Otto Remer (who difficult to understand been Hitler's bodyguard);^[40] the Land Revilo P. Oliver; and ItalianesotericistJulius Evola, as well as dignity praise of Hans-Ulrich Rudel, Giorgio Almirante, Heinz Knoke, and Karl-Heinz Priester.

Yockey became embittered with Sir Oswald Mosley (Hitler's leading Brits proponent^[11]) after the latter refused to publish or review Imperium upon its completion, after acquiring promised to do so.

Mosley punched Yockey in the show off during a dispute in London's Hyde Park.^[11] With a run down group of British fascists plus the former Mosleyites Guy Chesham and John Gannon, Yockey erudite the European Liberation Front (ELF) in 1948–49. The ELF erudite ties with old Nazis all along with other fascists.^[44] It recuperate from a newsletter, Frontfighter, and operate 1949 published Yockey's virulent anti-American, anti-communist and antisemitic text The Proclamation of London, which hailed for a reinstatement of Naziism and the expulsion of distinction Jews (whom it labeled "the Culture-distorter") from Europe.^[31][45] The Steer was opposed by other neo-fascist groups and essentially disappeared saturate 1954 due to members produce alienated by Yockey's imperious personality.^[12][22]

The American Nazi Party of Martyr Lincoln Rockwell rejected Yockey's anti-American attitude and willingness to gratuitous with anti-Zionistcommunist governments and movements.

(Yockey told Willis Carto ramble he had never heard come close to the ANP when Carto visited him in prison in 1960.) Other neo-Nazis such as Rockwell's ally Colin Jordan disagreed substitution Yockey's views on race, delighted saw Yockeyism as being "Strasserist" which would undermine Nazism.

Declassified Counter-intelligence agent files show that Yockey travel to Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York to abet with ultra-right activists, while elusion FBI agents who sought preserve question him.

As a flying he spoke at the 1950 Christian Nationalist Party convention put in the bank Los Angeles organized by Gerald L. K. Smith.^[34] He very spent time in New Metropolis writing propaganda for use slip in Latin America.^[8] His intercepted longhand to other fascists in magnanimity 1950s were often signed "Torquemada" after the torturer of depiction Spanish Inquisition.^[34]

Yockey was approached wishywashy the group around the anti-Communist Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1951.

He was asked to ghost-write a speech for McCarthy which stressed the importance of more advantageous friendship between Germany and say publicly United States. Although McCarthy not ever delivered it as the ward of the speech, when phase in was announced through posters quandary the Yorkville neighbourhood of Another York City, the-then Left Away from home newspaper The Daily Compass ran a front page expose, equidistant negative press attention from rendering New York Post, probably simulated by the fact that copperplate series of well known Destruction deniers were going to asseverate alongside him.

Yockey collaborated with Land bloc intelligence, traveled behind representation Iron Curtain, and was implicated of visiting East Germany, dignity Soviet Union and Cuba.^[2] Upper hand theory for this derives bring forth a September 1956 story pout a mysterious American man, who went by the name have a high regard for "Frederick C.

Hopkins" who was released from Soviet police keep back on the 6th of Sep 1956. He wrote with concurrence of antisemitic purges in justness Eastern bloc countries.^[11] In show 1952, he traveled to Praha and witnessed the Prague Trials, and asserted that they "foretold a Russian break with Jewry". He then became a Czechoslovak Secret Service courier.^[22] He levelheaded suspected of having been deal contact with a Soviet ref by the name of Aelfred Francke-Gricksch.

Yockey met Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, whom he hailed "a great and vigorous man", in Cairo in 1953.^[11] Significant worked briefly for the Afroasiatic Information Ministry, writing anti-Zionistpropaganda.

Conduct yourself the Arab world, he vigorous contact with Nazi exiles as well as Otto Ernst Remer and Johann von Leers.^[52] Yockey reportedly proven to persuade Nasser to commerce development of a cobalt blow up by ex-Nazi scientists.

Yockey was herald as a womanizer, and abstruse an affair with Hazel Industrialist McKinley.

In 1957, FBI agents assessed that he was "living in Los Angeles as straighten up pimp or a gigolo" captain had written pornography for banknotes, including a sadomasochistic booklet christened Arduous Figure Training at Bondhaven that was later found block his suitcase.^[34] The 62-page pamphlet was published by Nutrix Bystander of Jersey City and according to the FBI "contained plentiful sketeches of partially clad skinflinty and [...] was of spiffy tidy up masochistic or sadistic nature."

Arrest plus death

After more than a dec of pursuit by the Cia agent, Yockey was finally arrested stem 1960 after returning to high-mindedness United States from abroad.

Jabber route to Oakland, California, realm suitcase had either been departed or had broken open batter the Dallas airport, and corridors of power found several of Yockey's fake passports and birth certificates.^[22][31] Just as this was reported to rank federal government, the FBI tracked Yockey down in Oakland, Calif., and arrested him.^[31] While withdraw prison, he was visited be oblivious to Carto,^[18] who later became character chief advocate and publisher celebrate Yockey's ideas.

While he was there, he was staying take up again the principal of a academy called Alexander Scharf, who subside had met in Reno tell off intended to give a advance of 2,000 USD. Yockey was soon after found dead fretfulness an empty cyanide capsule close by while in a jail apartment in San Francisco under Company man supervision. Writing after his kill, the San Francisco Chronicle self-acknowledged him "as important a form in world Fascism as phenomenon now know."^[4]

Occult and philosophy interests

Coogan writes that "Yockey's occult interests had political ramifications" as forbidden "clearly saw himself as put an end to of an underground elite, great secret new race of god-men".

Yockey was an owner dispense documents relating to Theosophy, according to the FBI. At depiction time of his suicide, do something had copies of books limit articles written by Baltasar Gracián, Otto Weininger, H. G. Fine, and George B. Leonard.

Influence

While virtuous postwar European and American nationalists of the post-war period crooked with the United States admit communism, or in other cases argued for third positionism, Yockey argued for a red-brown alliance (red representing the far-left extract brown representing the far-right).

Of course argued that rightists should slow-moving the spread of communism viewpoint Third World anti-colonial movements in the way that they threatened the United States. This view did not control a very significant influence synchronize the American right, which trauma the Cold War for say publicly most part remained anti-communist.

No problem had a greater impact surprise Europe, in the European Pristine Right, where for instance class Belgian Jean Thiriartand the Frenchmen Christian Bouchet,René Binet, and Dominick Venner are known to suppress been influenced by him. Further, the Russian philosopher Aleksandr Dugin, and the French writer Alain de Benoist, adopted positions homogenous to Yockey's, although there obey little evidence his work seized them in this.^[63][64] He along with influenced American Nazi Party associate Dan Burros and National Quickening Party founder James H.

Madole. The British military writers Liddell Hart and J.F.C. Fuller who was a member of class British Union of Fascists gave early praise to Imperium.

Yockey bash also remembered as an precisely and influential Holocaust denier.^[4][10]

Yockey's cause influence is reflected mostly right the way through the work of Willis Carto and his Liberty Lobby add-on successor organizations.

According to Writer E. Atkins, "Because of righteousness efforts of Carto, Yockey appreciation more popular after his swallow up than he ever was while in the manner tha he was alive".^[22] Carto ran the Youth for George Wallace group supporting segregationist George Wallace's 1968 presidential campaign.

That flybynight formed the basis for primacy National Youth Alliance, which promoted Yockey's political philosophy and reward book Imperium.^[31] Core members reinforce Carto's political groups were comrades of the Francis Parker Yockey Society, a neo-Nazi cult. Subsequently, Yockey continued to be far-out cult figure among neo-fascists.

Circlet influence also persists among Odinists.^[67] According to the American civil scientist George Hawley, "Yockey's appearance of a global fascist augment that transcends national borders admiration now a common trope imprisoned the Alt-Right".^[37]

In his 2011 put your name down for of correspondences with American governor David Woodard, Swiss writer Christly Kracht recommended Yockey's Imperium.^[68] Class following year, Kracht published crown bestselling novel Imperium.

In Country, the Neo-Fascist leader by rank name of Norman Lowell pump up heavily inspired by Yockey's work Imperium, and has the reputation of his organization, Imperium Galilean directly alluding to it.^[69]

The Distressed of Nine Angles, a Adherent and terrorist group, is destroy to draw from his credo.

Other terrorists inspired by Yockey include Leo Felton, responsible paper the 2002 white supremacist anxiety plot and John William Altered copy an assailant in the Killing of James Byrd Jr.. ^[71] Additionally, far-right political activist Octavian Sol Invictus has drawn affect from Yockey's book Imperium,^[72] importance well as the New Dane Kerry Bolton.^{[citation needed]}

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Yockey, Francis Author (2013) Imperium, London: Abergele: Character Palingenesis Project (Wermod and Wermod) ISBN 978-0-9561835-7-6
• Imperium (1948) by Francis Writer Yockey, e-book
• Yockey, Francis Parker (2012) The Proclamation of London.

  Shamley Green:The Palingenesis ProjectISBN 978-0-9561835-9-0

• Yockey, Francis Saxophonist and Oliver, Revilo P.The Clashing of Europe by Francis Author Yockey and ISBN 0-942094-00-X
• Yockey, Francis Saxist The World in Flames: Rendering Shorter Writtings of Francis Author Yockey^[1]

Further reading

• Coogan, Kevin (1999).

  Dreamer of the day: Francis Saxist Yockey and the Postwar Fascistic International. Brooklyn, New York: Autonomedia. ISBN .

• Lee, Martin A. (2000) The Beast Reawakens New York: Miniature, Brown and Company ISBN 9780415925464.
• Mintz, Naked P. Mintz (1985) The Autonomy Lobby and the American Right: Race, Conspiracy, and Culture.

  Westport, Connecticut:Greenwood Press ISBN 978-0-31-324393-6.

• Shekhovtsov, Anton (2017). Russia and the Western Great Right: Tango Noir. London: Composer & Francis. ISBN .

External links