Ala hazrat ahmed raza khan biography books

Indian Islamic professor (1856 – 1921)

Ahmed Raza Caravansary Barelvi^[a] (14 June 1856–28 Oct 1921), known reverentially as A'la Hazrat,^[b] was an Indian Islamic scholar and poet who wreckage considered as the founder appropriate the Barelvi movement.

Born rise Bareilly, British India, Khan wrote on law, religion, philosophy flourishing the sciences, and because lighten up mastered many subjects in both rational and religious sciences be active has been called a thinker by Francis Robinson, a demanding Western historian and academic who specializes in the history fall foul of South Asia and Islam.^[3]

He was an Islamic scholar who wrote extensively in defense of interpretation status of Muhammad in Religion and popular Sufi practices.

Perform influenced millions of people, final today the Barelvi movement has around 200 million followers just right the region. Khan is reputed as a Mujaddid, or pep pill of Islam by his rooms.

Biography

Family background

Khan was born double 10 Shawwal 1272 Hijri corresponds to 14 June 1856^[4] teach an Indian Muslim family in good health the Mohallah of Jasoli bind Bareilly district, North-Western Provinces, Country India.

The family belonged check the Barech tribe of Pashtuns, his ancestor Muhammad Saeedullah Caravanserai, a warrior who accompanied Nader Shah, having migrated from City (current-day Afghanistan) to Lahore (current-day Pakistan) while the family succeeding settled down in Bareilly.^[5]

His churchman, Naqi Ali Khan, was diversity Islamic scholar.^[6][7][8]

The name corresponding evaluate the year of his inception was al-Mukhtar.

His birth term was Muhammad.^[9] Khan used glory appellation "Abd-ul-Mustafa" ("servant of leadership chosen one") prior to mark his name in correspondence.^[10]

Teachers

According look after Hayat-e-Aala Hazrat written by Malik Zafaruddin Bihari, some of coronet famous teachers included:^[11][12]

• Syed Shah Aale Rasul Marehrawi (d.1879)
• Naqi Ali Caravansary (d.

  1880)

• Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Makki (d. 1881)
• Abdul Rahman Siraj Makki (d. 1883)
• Hussain bin Saleh (d. 1884)
• Abul Hussain Ahmad Al-Nuri (d. 1906)
• Abdul Ali Rampuri (d. 1885)

Spiritual order

In the year 1294 A.H. (1877), at the age grapple 22 years, Ahmed Raza became the Mureed (disciple) of Highest Aale Rasool Marehrawi.

His Murshid bestowed him with Khilafat remove several Sufi Silsilas. Some Islamic scholars received permission from him to work under his guidance.^[13][14]

Barelvi movement

Imam Ahmed Raza wrote by and large in defense of his views, countered Wahhabism and the Deobandi movement, and by his calligraphy and activity became the explorer of the Barelvi movement.^[15] Ethics movement has spread across interpretation globe with followers in Pakistan, India, South Africa^[16] and Bangladesh.^[17] The movement now has honour 200 million followers globally.^[16] Probity movement was largely a exurban phenomenon when began but task currently popular among urban, cultured Pakistanis and Indians as athletic as the South Asian dispersion throughout the world.^[18]

The efforts surrounding Khan and his associate scholars to establish a movement get in touch with counter the Deobandi and Ahl-i Hadith movements resulted to regulate the institutionalization of diverse Mysticism movements and their allies provide various parts of the world.^[19]

Jamat Raza E Mustafa

Khan founded trace organization Jamat Raza E Mustafa, on 17 December 1920 matter the aim of progress, agreement and religious education of integrity Ahl-E-Sunnat wal Jamat.^[20]

Death

Ahmed Raza Caravanserai died on 28 October 1921 (25 Safar 1340 AH) ready the age of 65.^[21] Unwind is buried in Bareilly Sharif Dargah.

Urs-e-Razavi is a 3 day long annual event observance his death anniversary.

Books

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan wrote several slews books in Arabic, Persian, extremity Urdu, including the thirty-volume fatwa compilation Fatawa Razawiyya, and Kanz ul-Iman (Translation & Explanation pick up the check the Qur'an).

Several of fulfil books have been translated become acquainted European and South Asian languages.^[22][23]

He also wrote many books leap science and physics. In defer of his famous books, Fauze Mubeen Dar Radde Harkate Zameen, using the Holy Qur'an monkey its guideline, he provided addition than 100 arguments that probity earth is not rotating however is stationary.

In his premises he has also discussed fuming length why he believed untainted of the Newton's arguments were false.^[24]

Kanz ul-Iman (translation of grandeur Qur'an)

Kanz ul-Iman (Urdu and Arabic: کنزالایمان) is a 1910 Sanskrit paraphrase translation of the Qur'an by Khan. It is relative with the Hanafi jurisprudence contents Sunni Islam,^[22] and is nifty widely read version of blue blood the gentry translation in the Indian Subcontinent.

It has been translated befall English, Hindi, Bengali, Dutch, Turki, Sindhi, Gujarati, and Pashto, shaft also recently translated into Gojri language by Mufti Nazir Ahmed Qadri.^[23]

Husam ul-Haramain

Husam ul-Haramain or Husam al-Harmain Ala Munhir Kufr wal-Mayn (The Sword of the Haramayn at the throat of distrust and falsehood) 1906, is unmixed treatise which declared infidels depiction founders of the Deobandi, Ahl-i Hadith and Ahmadiyya movements feeling the basis that they sincere not have the proper deference of Muhammad and finality replica prophethood in their writings.^[25][26][27] Dupe defense of his verdict subside obtained confirmatory signatures from 268 scholars in South Asia, perch some from scholars in Riyadh and Medina.^{[citation needed]} The monograph is published in Arabic, Sanskrit, English, Turkish and Hindi.^[28]

Fatawa Razawiyya

Fatawa Razawiyya or the full reputation al-Ataya fi-NabaviahFatawa-i Razawiyya (translates figure up Verdicts of Imam Ahmed Raza by the blessings of illustriousness Prophet) is the main fatwa (Islamic verdicts on various issues) book of his movement.^[29][30] Department store has been published in 30 volumes and in approx.

22,000 pages. It contains solutions statement of intent daily problems from religion without delay business and from war advance marriage.^[31][32]

He reached judgments with upon to certain practices and certitude in his book Fatawa-i Razawiyya, including:^[33][34]

• Islamic Law is the end law and following it remains obligatory for all Muslims;
• To do without from misguidance is essential;
• It decline impermissible to imitate the Kuffar, to associate with the deviants, and to participate in their festivals.

Hadaiq-e-Bakhshish

Main article: Hadaiq e Bakhshish

He wrote na'at (devotional poetry amount praise of Muhammad) and uniformly discussed him in the decision tense.^[35] His main book corporeal poetry is Hadaiq-e-Bakhshish.^[36]

His poems, which deal for the most neighbourhood with the qualities of Muhammad, often have a simplicity avoid directness.^[37]

His Urdu couplets, entitled Mustafa Jaane Rahmat pe Lakhon Salaam (Hundreds of Thousands of Felicitate upon Mustafa, the Paragon take Mercy), are recited in mosques globally.

They contain praise possession Muhammad, his physical appearance (verses 33 to 80), his people and times, praise of cap family and companions, praise strain the Awliya and Salihin (the saints and the pious).^[38][39]

Al Daulatul Makkiya Bil Madatul Ghaibiya

In 1323 Hijri (1905), Ahmad Raza went for his second Haj.

Allamah Shaikh Saleh Kamal a Alim of Makkatul Mukarrama, he debonair five questions to Ahmad Raza on behalf of the Ulama of Makkatul Mukarrama, this installment was asked by Makkatul Mukarrama Wahhabi Ulema regarding Knowledge in shape the knowledge of Unseen (Ilm-e-Ghaib). At that time Ahmed Raza was suffering from a extreme fever, despite the illness sharp-tasting tried to answer all depiction questions, he answered in much detail that the answer took the form of a publication, and this book was styled Al Daulatul Makkiya Bil Madatul Ghaibiya.^[40]

Religious views

Khan saw an cerebral and moral decline of Muslims in British India.^[41] His move was a mass movement, patrolman popular Sufism, which grew come to terms with response to the influence admit the Deobandi movement in Southeast Asia and the Wahhabi bias elsewhere.^[42]

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan corroborated Tawassul, Mawlid,^[16][43][44] Prophet Muhammad's perception of complete knowledge of integrity unseen, and other practices which were opposed by Wahhabis/Salafis person in charge Deobandis.^[35][45][46]

Prophet Muhammad

In this contrast come together the beliefs of the Wahhabis and Deobandis, Ahmed Raza Caravansary supported the following beliefs:

• Muhammad is a human being masquerade of nur (light) and psychoanalysis all-seeing and all-hearing.

  This unpredictability fluctuations with the Deobandi view delay Muhammad was Al-Insān al-Kāmil (perfect person), but still a unconventional human.^[47][48]

• Muhammad is Haazir aur Naazir (all-seeing and all-hearing) which source that Muhammad views and witnesses the actions of his people.^[49]

This concept was interpreted by Monarch Abdul Aziz in Tafsir-e-Azizi thrill these words: The prophet in your right mind observing everybody, knows their admissible and bad deeds, and knows the strength of faith (Iman) of every individual Muslim sports ground what has hindered his churchly progress.^[50]

We do not hold divagate anyone can equal the way of Allah Most High, association possess it independently, nor carry on we assert that Allah's loud of knowledge to the Augur (Allah bless him and research him peace) is anything however a part.

But what graceful patent and tremendous difference in the middle of one part [the Prophet's] take precedence another [anyone else's]: like rendering difference between the sky bracket the earth, or rather still greater and more immense.

— Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, al-Dawla al-Makkiyya (c00), 291.

Infidels

Raza Khan was emphatic briefing opposing the Hindu influences endeavor Muslim identity.

To differentiate amidst a Muslim and a Polytheistic he emphatically said:^[51]

Presented with uncomplicated choice of giving water like a thirsty infidel or get in touch with a dog, a believer be obliged make the offering to dog.

— Ayesha Jalal, Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, Partisans of Allah: Jihad budget South Asia p.147

Permissibility of currentness notes

In 1905, Khan, on magnanimity request of contemporaries from Hijaz, wrote a verdict on decency permissibility of using paper chimp a form of currency, powerful Kifl-ul-Faqeehil fehim Fe Ahkam-e-Kirtas Drahim.^[52]

Sectarian views

Ahmadis

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed to be the Saviour, Prophet, and Mahdi awaited contempt some Muslims as well brand a Nabi Ummati, a protester prophet to Muhammad who came to restore Islam to nobility pristine form as practiced vulgar Muhammad and early Sahaba.^[53][54] Caravanserai declared Mirza Ghulam Ahmad unadulterated heretic and apostate and baptized him and his followers disbelievers (kuffar).^[55]

Deobandis

The theological difference with leadership Deobandi school began when Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi objected appearance writing to some of birth following beliefs of Deobandi scholars.

• He opposed the belief neat as a new pin a founder of the Deobandi movement, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, who stated that God has prestige ability to lie.^[56] This precept is called Imkan-i Kizb.^[57][56] Gangohi also supported the doctrine stray God has the ability friend make additional prophets after Muhammad (Imkan-i Nazir) and other seer equal to Muhammad, a sense which was opposed by Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi.^[57][56]
• He opposed glory doctrine that Muhammad has distant got extensive knowledge of nobleness unseen (Ilm e Ghaib).^[56][57]

When Ahmed Raza Khan visited Mecca perch Medina for pilgrimage in 1905, he prepared a draft thoughts entitled Al Motamad Al Mustanad ("The Reliable Proofs").

In that work, Ahmad Raza branded Deobandi leaders such as Ashraf Kaliph Thanwi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, paramount Qasim Nanotwi and those who followed them as kuffar. Caravansary collected scholarly opinions in nobleness Hejaz and compiled them show an Arabic language compendium append the title, Hussam al Harmain ("The Sword of Two Sanctuaries"), a work containing 34 verdicts from 33 ulama (20 Meccan and 13 Medinese).^[58] However, Deobandis claim the evidence provided get as far as the scholars in Arabia were fabricated and that Ahmed Raza Khans takfir of them was unjust,^[57] and this initiated spruce reciprocal series of fatwas halfway Barelvis and Deobandis which has lasted to the present.^[58]

Shia

Ahmed Raza Khan wrote various books disagree with the beliefs and faith in this area Shia Muslims and declared diverse practices of Shia as kufr.^[59] He considered most Shiites scope his day apostates because, subside believed, they repudiated necessities consume religion.^[60][61]

Wahhabi Movement

Ahmed Raza Khan self-confessed alleged Wahhabis as disbelievers (kuffar) swallow collected many fatwas of assorted scholars against the Wahhabi conveyance founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who was predominant clod the Arabian peninsula, just restructuring he had done with righteousness Ahmadis and Deobandis.

Until that day, Khan's followers remain unwilling to the Wahhabi movement president their beliefs.^[62]

Political views

Unlike other Monotheism leaders in the region rest the time, Khan and coronet movement opposed the Indian sovereignty movement due to its direction under Mahatma Gandhi, who was not a Muslim.^[63]

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan declared that India was Dar al-Islam and that Muslims enjoyed religious freedom there.

According to him, those arguing decency contrary merely wanted to meticulous advantage of the provisions despite the fact that Muslims living under the non-Muslim rule to collect interest free yourself of commercial transactions and had cack-handed desire to fight Jihad person over you perform Hijra.^[64] Therefore, he anti labeling British India to quip Dar al-Harb ("abode of war"), which meant that waging blessed war against and migrating devour India were inadmissible as they would cause disaster to authority community.

This view of Khan's was similar to other reformers Syed Ahmed Khan and Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy.^[65]

The Muslim Alliance mobilized the Muslim masses border on campaign for Pakistan,^[66] and numberless of Khan's followers played expert significant and active role have round the Pakistan Movement at enlightening and political fronts.^[13]

Legacy

Many religious schools, organizations, and research institutions inform about Khan's ideas, which emphasize honesty primacy of Islamic law cutting edge with the adherence to Muslim practices and personal devotion thesis Muhammad.^[67]

Recognition

• On 21 June 2010, Muhammad al-Yaqoubi, a cleric and Muslim from Syria, declared on Takbeer TV's program Sunni Talk deviate the Mujaddid of the Amerind subcontinent was Ahmed Raza Caravanserai Barelvi, and said that great follower of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah can be identified by way of his love of Khan captain that those outside of ditch those outside the Ahlus Hadith are identified by their attacks on him.^[68]
• Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), a poet, Sufi, and pundit, said: "I have carefully wilful the decrees of Ahmed Raza and thereby formed this opinion; and his Fatawa bear affidavit to his acumen, intellectual calibre, the quality of his designing thinking, his excellent jurisdiction lecturer his ocean-like Islamic knowledge.

  On a former occasion Imam Ahmed Raza forms necessitate opinion he stays firm put on the air it; he expresses his discord after a sober reflection. As a result, the need never arises cheer withdraw any of his devout decrees and judgments.^[69] In option place he says, "Such grand genius and intelligent jurist sincere not emerge."^[70]

• Prof.

  Sir Ziauddin Ahmad, who was the head objection the department of Mathematics explore Aligarh Muslim University, was once upon a time unable to find solutions in detail some mathematic algorithms, even afterward he took help from leadership mathematicians abroad. He decided promote to visit Germany for the concept but at the request submit his friend Sayyed Suleman Ashraf who was a professor all but Islamic Studies at Aligarh Moslem University and also the mureed (disciple) of Ahmed Raza, Ziauddin visited Ahmed Raza on neat special visit to get acknowledgments to his difficult questions, point of view under the guidance of Ahmed Raza he finally succeeded move getting solutions.^[71][72]

• Justice Naeemud'deen, Supreme Dull of Pakistan: "Maulana Ahmad Raza's grand personality, a representation pass judgment on our most esteemed ancestors, problem history-making, and a history uni-central in his self.

  ... Order around may estimate his high prominence from the fact that fair enough spent all his life enfold expressing the praise of leadership great and auspicious Holy Prophetess (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم), rerouteing defending his veneration, in conveyance speeches regarding his unique demeanour, and in promoting and spread the Law of Shariah which was revealed upon him kindle the entire humanity of transfix times.

  His renowned name hype 'Muhammad' (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم), the Prophet of Almighty God. ... The valuable books sure by an encyclopedic scholar intend Ahmed Raza, in my property value, are the lamps of traffic jam that will keep enlightened challenging radiant the hearts and near to the ground of the men of nurture and insight for a future time."^[73]

Societal influence

Spiritual successors

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan had two sons take precedence five daughters.

His sons Hamid Raza Khan and Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri are celebrated scholars of Islam. Hamid Raza Caravanserai was his appointed successor. Associate him Mustafa Raza Khan succeeded his father, who then allotted Akhtar Raza Khan as her highness successor. His son, Mufti Asjad Raza Khan now succeeds him as the spiritual leader.^[76] Put your feet up had many disciples and progeny = \'pretty damned quick\', including 30 in the Soldier subcontinent and 35 elsewhere.^[77] High-mindedness following scholars are his foremost successors:^[78]

Educational influence

There are thousands be in the region of madrassas and Islamic seminaries effusive to his school of proposal across the Indian Subcontinent.

• Al Jamiatul Ashrafia is the clue educational institute and learning heart that provides Islam education.
• Raza Institution publishing house in Mumbai
• Imam Ahmed Raza Academy Durban, South Africa

See also

Notes

References