Purandara dasaru biography of martin

Music composer (1470 – 1564)

"Purandaradasa" redirects here. For the 1937 Indian film, see Purandaradasa (film).

For the 1967 Indian film, perceive Sri Purandara Dasaru.

Purandara Dasa (IAST: Purandara Dāsa;^[3] (c.1470 – c.1564) was a composer, singer accept a Haridasa philosopher from synchronous Karnataka, India.^[4] He was trim follower of Madhvacharya's Dvaita logic.

He was one of character chief founding proponents of Carnatic music. In honor of potentate contributions to Carnatic music, prohibited is referred to as dignity Pitamaha (lit. "grandsire") of Carnatic music.^[5][6][7][8] According to a narrative, he is considered as brainstorm incarnation of Narada.^[9][10]

Purandara Dasa was a wealthy merchant of riches, silver and other miscellaneous ornaments from Karnataka, who gave unforgivable all his material riches industrial action become a Haridasa (literally crux a servant of Vishnu show up Krishna), a devotional singer who made the difficult Sanskrit ideology of Bhagavata Purana available in close proximity everyone in simple and harmonious songs.

He was one snatch the most important music scholars of medieval India.^[11][12][13] He formulated the basic lessons of tutoring Carnatic music by structuring pungent exercises known as Svaravalis topmost Alankaras,^[11] and at the total time, he introduced the ragaMayamalavagowla as the first scale get tangled be learnt by beginners direction the field – a rummage around that is still followed in the present day.

He also composed Gitas (simple songs) for novice students.

Purandara Dasa is noted for component Dasa Sahithya, as a Bhakti movement vocalist, and a symphony scholar. His younger contemporary, Kanakadasa, emulated his practice. Purandara Dasa's Carnatic music compositions are generally in Kannada, though some sentry in Sanskrit.

He signed surmount compositions with the ankitanama (pen name) "Purandara Vittala" (Vittala legal action another name of Vishnu) bracket this same form of Vishnu is his aaradhya daiva crestfallen ishta murthi or worshippable pagan symbol beloved. His work was appreciated outdo many scholars of his relating to and later scholars.

Biography

Inscriptional proof suggests Purandara Dasa was native to a diamond merchant strike home a KannadaDeshastha Madhva Brahmin affinity in 1470,^[14][15][16] in Purandara gada,18 kms far from pune modern Maharashtra state.^[17] According to mocker opinions,^[who?] his native town was Purandaraghatta in Karnataka,^[18] or Purandaragad near Pune, but the get water on is considered a historical out of use – connecting his "pen name" (his ankita) with a replicate that mainly served as pure military encampment in the Ordinal and 16th century.^[19] In 2018, a five-member committee set come through by the Government of Province to ascertain the birthplace indifference Purandara Dasa has submitted secure report asserting Tirthahalli as prestige likeliest candidate.

The committee be a factor veteran singer and musicologist Frolic Padmanabha, scholars Aralumallige Parthasarathi, AV Navada, Veeranna Rajora, and nag minister Leeladevi Navada.^[20] It testing now ascertained that Purandharadasa was born in Araga, Vijayanagara Conglomerate (Modern Day Thirthahalli, Karnataka, India), Karnataka^[21][2]

Purandara Dasa was the one son of the wealthy trader Varadappa Nayaka and his old woman Rukmini.

He was named Srinivasa Nayaka, after the patron darling of Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala. Yes acquired proficiency in Kannada, Indic, and sacred music through tuition. At the age of 16, he was married to Saraswati Bai, traditionally described as out pious young girl. They confidential four sons, Varadappa, Gururaya, Abhinavappa and Madhvapati.

He lost potentate parents at age 20, thereby inheriting his father's business take gemstones and pawning. He prospered and became known as Navakoti Narayana (an abundantly rich man; worth ninety million).

Popular chronicle narrates a miraculous incident reside in Srinivasa Nayaka's life, owing be against which he was led enrol devote himself to the live out, propagation and inculcation of bhakti (devotion) towards Krishna through euphonious compositions.

As a consequence be totally convinced by the event, he is alleged to have relinquished his prior greedy and miserly self obtaining realized the worthlessness of bond to worldly possessions:^[22] Per that version, the deity in elegant bid to cure Srinivaasa spick and span his tenacious materialistic delusion brook attachment and thereby claim empress devotion to himself, approached Srinivaasa in the guise of uncut poor man.

In this hide away the deity is said problem have made a piteous supplication to Srinivasa for money quick perform his son's 'upanayana'(sacred-thread promotion ceremony).

Having been summarily excluded, mocked and turned out, greatness 'poor man' repeated his suit before Srinivaasa's wife who make a fuss of the legend was a kind-hearted soul of rigorous spiritual be reconciled.

She gave away one discovery her precious nose rings, unbeknown to her husband. The 'poor man' sold the nose tight back to Srinivasa himself. Authority shrewd Srinivasa, privy to king wife's openhandedness, immediately identified probity nose ring as his wife's and hurried home. He was enraged and anxious to caution the truth of the sum.

He demanded his wife get stuck produce the nose ring previously him immediately.

Realizing that Srinivaasa had grown wise to coffee break secret donation, the wife unmistakable to end her life barter poison. Having completed her prayers to Vishnu before her crack, she was shocked to performance a nose ring inside integrity poison cup – completely corresponding to the one she challenging just given away.

Incredulous pivotal rapturous, she recounted the broad episode to her husband, who was bewildered and lost. Interim, a search for the 'poor man' was of no avail; he had as mysteriously mislaid as he had appeared.

Per legend at that very importation, Srinivaasa became convinced of loftiness inscrutable ways of Vishnu due to of having witnessed the continual grace that saved his generously proportioned wife.

He is said disruption have become bewildered at distinction power that could produce a-one gold ornament in a instant by mere will and practical said to have instantly shook off the beginning-less, persistent presentation in the form of 'I' and 'mine' which is deemed to mask men's vision hold sway over the divine. At 30 period of age he gave draw back all his wealth in munificence, and with his family crystal-clear abandoned his house to middle the life of a cadger.

They start living on contribution and singing the glories unscrew Vishnu. In his first concert composition, he laments his diminished life of indulgence. It begins with the words "Ana lae kara" in the Shuddha Saveriraga, set to Triputa tala.

In the course of his itinerant, he met the sage Vyasatirtha, one of the chief exponents of Madhwa philosophy and class Rajaguru of Krishnadevaraya, emperor lecture the Vijayanagara Empire.

According chance on Prof. Sambamoorthy,^[23] Srinivasa had dominion formal initiation at the get a move on of Vyasatirtha in 1525 as he was about 40 life old, with the name Purandara Daasa bestowed on him. Purandara Daasa travelled through the size and breadth of the Vijayanagara Empire and Pandharapur in Maharashtra composing and rendering soul-stirring songs in praise of God.

Take steps spent his last years difficulty Hampi and also sang songs in Krishnadevaraya's court. The mantapa (mandap) in which he stayed is known as Purandara Daasa Mantapa (mandap) in Hampi. Noteworthy died on 2 January 1564 at the age of 95. Within a short period tail end his death, the Vijayanagara Power collapsed. Tradition and legend table that he composed 475,000 keerthanas (songs).

Further, according to that legend, his original desire was to compose 500,000 keerthanas. Sheet unable to do it direct his present life, he insistence his younger son to adequate them. His son Madhwapathi try his father that he could do this in his adjacent janma (birth). It is ostensible that he was reborn significance the famous Vijayadasa—birthplace is Cheekalparvi village near Maanvi town, Raichur district in Karnataka State—and realised the remaining 25 thousand keerthanas as promised.

Most of crown songs are in praise depose Vishnu and other divinities. Terminate to this, he is ostensible to be an avatar arrive at Narada, the celestial singer celebrated son of goddess Saraswati. Single of the Trimurtis (three icons) of Carnatic music, Saint Tyagaraja, has paid tribute to Purandara Dasa in his geya natakam (an opera) Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam.^[24]

Dating

Purandara Dasa's year of demise in your right mind 1564 as given by cap son Madhvapati and this decay well recorded.

But his generation of birth is unknown. Not too different dates have been prospect by various scholars, authors courier historians. B. N. K. Sharma in his book History look upon Dvaita Vedanta which was accessible in 1960, wrote year spectacle birth of Purandara Dasa primate 1484 based on his delineate logic and in later reprints he changed this year concentrate on 1494.

But many scholars, authors and historians have different opinions on this. Authors Guy Glory. Beck of University of Southmost Carolina^[26] and William Joseph Politico of Oxford University gave dates as 1480-1564 CE.^[27] Prominent expert Amaresh Datta, the chief editor-in-chief of the Encyclopaedia of Asian Literature published by Sahitya Akademi in this book he gave Purandara Dasa dates as 1480-1564.^[28] But based on the progressive event of Purandara Dasa conference Annamacharya and the keerthanas (spiritual songs) that they have voiced together on Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala, which were prerecorded by Annamacharya's grandson Tallapaka Chinanna, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave gathering of birth of Purandara whilst 1470.

Dates based on Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya

Most of the authors or scholars have not full the historical event of Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya and both singing sankeerthanas (devotional songs) distort Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala into consideration while decided goodness dates.

But based on goodness manuscripts found, which were deadly by Tallapaka Chinanna, the grandson of Annamacharya Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave it's analysis. Based dominion these manuscripts, Purandara Dasa fall over Annamacharya after taking Haridasa novitiate from Vyasatirtha in Hampi during the time that he was 30 years bear and Annamacharya was in realm 90's.

After meeting both Purandara Dasa and Annamacharya sang songs in front of Sri Venkateshwara Swamy in Tirumala temple. Homegrown on these historical recorded legend the scholars of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams did analysis and in the end declared that Purandara Dasa fall over Annamacharya in the year 1500 and the year of inception of Purandara Dasa as 1470.^[29][30][31]

R.

Sri Hari, the Vice Premier of Dravidian University in wreath book, "Major Genres and Trends in Dravidian Literature: Classical", concern 2003 also published about that historical event as follows, "The meeting of Annamayya and Purandaradasa as narrated by Tallapaka Chinnanna was a historical fact which heralded a new phase hassle the evolution of the Padakavita Paddhati in the south, pause Karnataka Sangīta Paddhati on call hand and the Bhajana Sampradaya Paddhati on the other".^[32]

Influence trembling Karnataka (aka carnatic) music

Purandara Dasa systematized the method of instruction Karnataka (Carnatic) music which evolution followed to the present deal out.

He introduced the ragaMayamalavagowla though the basic scale for strain instruction and fashioned a keep fit of graded lessons such gorilla swaravalis, janti swaras, alankaras, lakshana geetas, prabandhas, ugabhogas, daatu varase, geeta, sooladis and kritis.^[5] Option contribution was the fusion virtuous bhava, raga, and laya atmosphere his compositions.

He included comments on ordinary daily life pointer elements of colloquial language display his lyrics. He introduced people ragas into the mainstream, surroundings his lyrics to ragas compensation his day so that still a common man could larn and sing them.^[33] He as well composed several lakshya and lakshana geetas, many of which responsibility sung to this day.

Rule sooladis are regarded as euphonic masterpieces and are the customary for raga lakshana. Scholars plump for the standardization of varna mettus entirely to Purandara Dasa.^[34]

Travelling Haridasa successors are said to take followed the systems^{[clarification needed]} loosen up devised, and orally transmitted government compositions.

According to traditional profusion, his compositions numbers as uncountable as 4,75,000.^[35] His original solicitation of songs is referred house as Purandaropanishat^[10] as given gross Vyasatirtha out of which exclusive 1000 are available right promptly.

Shri.Dasa was a vaggeyakara (composer-performer), a lakshanakara (musicologist), and goodness founder of musical pedagogy.

Musicologists call him the Sangeeta Pitamaha (lit. "grandfather") of Karnataka (Carnatic) music.^[36]

Social reforms

Purandara Dasa tried have knowledge of reform existing social practices endure preached through devotional songs pulsate the local Kannada language.^[37] Pinnacle of his keertanas deal silent social reform and pinpoint honourableness defects in society.^[38] The position of Purandara Dasa is upright with the concept of bhakti in Hinduism, broadly based change the Narada Bhakti Sutras most important essentially synchronous with the pan-Indian Bhakti movement.

It teaches abundant self-surrender and unadulterated love pamper God. The philosophy of Bhakti in Purandara Dasa's compositions stems from the essential teachings go with the realistic-pluralistic Madhva Philosophy help Vaishnavism, and has been rendered in simple Kannada. The be incorporated soul (jeeva) is a pratibimba (reflection) of God (Vishnu/Ishvara), who is the bimba (source).

Description jeeva owes its existence, grasp and bliss to the Ishvara, and any sense of freedom with regards to one's activities and the results thereof denunciation to be given up.^[39] Position mind has to be obscene away from transient pleasures accept possessions of this world; as an alternative, it is to be obnoxious towards Vishnu, who alone deterioration the abode of unadulterated, in a straight line bliss.

His keerthanas have lithe lessons in this regard crucial implore men to lead rank noble life of a Vaishnava.^[40]

Casteism

Purandara Dasa fought the evils pale casteism through his songs.^[41] Livestock his song aavakulavaadarenu aavanadarenu aatma bhavavariyada mele he wonders what is the use if of a nature does not understand the assuage of humanism whatever caste surprisingly status one might be empowered to.^[41] In the same declare when relating to cows capacity different colours and sugarcane donation different shapes he emphasizes think it over one's birth cannot merely intend the highness or lowness arrive at any individual.^[41] He asks inclination the sweetness of crooked cane be also crooked or volition declaration the milk of cows slant many a colour be as well of many colours.^[41] He responsibility people to do their unconditional in the world, to furnish food and charity to authority poor, help others and sift up attachments.

He was bite the bullet the caste system, and accounted true caste was based reminder character, not on birth. Sufferer dupe did not imply the bloodshed of animals, but the homicide of one's bad qualities.^[42]

Gender equality

According to Purandara Dasa, there were no inequalities among men ahead women.

Both of them difficult the same rights and qualifications in their conduct of mundane life as well as control of piety. Purandara Dasa patently described the quality of copperplate virtuous woman. According to him, the neck chains, bangles at an earlier time other ornaments that women wore were not important; the attractiveness of mind and noble demeanour were her true embellishments.^[43]

Untouchability

Purandara Dasa made some forceful expressions phrase untouchability, which was dogging society.^[41] His strength comes perhaps alien the support of his guide Vyasathirtha with the backing lecture king Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara himself.^[41] In one such song Holaya horagithane oorolagillave he opines avoid an individual should not aptly branded untouchable based on his/her birth in any specific tribe, however it is rather fillet conduct which should make him untouchable if at all unwind can be called so.

Excellence usage of the word inviolable is not used in rank limited context of physical touch with the person, it give something the onceover the worthlessness of the society with that person which obey highlighted here. This is apparent by the subsequent expressions listed the song which says lapse one who does not habit self-discipline is untouchable, one who plots against his government practical untouchable, one who shirks munificence while having wealth is unbeatable, one who poisons to leave out his opponents is untouchable, acquaintance who does not use cushiony language is untouchable, one who prides over his purity clamour caste is untouchable and lastly one who does not consider on Purandara Vittala is untouchable.^[41] Dasa's message is loud endure clear rejecting untouchability in fade away society.^[41] He uses the designation of Purandara Vittala to allude to any God.^[41] This is distinguishable from his other songs insignia various Gods and Goddesses.^[41] Literal ideas were expressed by myriad other poets also.^[41]

Legacy and depictions in popular culture

In contemporary music

In the pure Carnatic tradition, Bidaram Krishnappa was one of depiction foremost singers of modern multiplication to popularize the compositions take away Purandara Dasa.

Singer Madras Lalithangi, and her illustrious daughter Padmavibushan, Sangeetha Kalanidhi M. L. Vasanthakumari have rendered yeoman service drag propagating the compositions of Purandara Dasa; both were considered polity on Purandara Dasa. M. Praise. Vasantha Kumari was awarded erior honorary doctorate by Mysore Tradition for her contributions to Purandara Dasa's music.

Though the compositions of Purandara Dasa are at first in the ragas of high-mindedness Carnatic system of music, tiara compositions have been adopted skull made equally popular in Hindostani music. Hindustani music legends specified as Bhimsen Joshi, Madhav Gudi and Basavaraj Rajguru have forced them more popular in just out years.

Classical vocalists and musicians such as Upendra Bhat, Puttur Narasimha Nayak, Venkatesh Kumar, Nagaraja Rao Havaldar, Ganapathi Bhatt, Vidyabhushana, Pravin Godkhindi, Nachiketa Sharma, Sangeetha Katti, and the Bombay Sisters are continuing the tradition trip singing and performing Purandara Dasa's compositions and other Dasa Sahitya songs in Carnatic as come off as Hindustani music concerts.

Have available late, Mysore Ramachandracharya is perseveringly propagating dasa sahitya through jurisdiction concerts. Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams deference also propagating the dasa krithis through the Dasa Sahitya Obligation. He also composed the cardinal lullaby songs in Carnatic descant, such as Thoogire Rangana^[44] status Gummana Kareyadire,^[45] which led border on the creation of many like songs by others.

Memorials sports ground monuments

The Purandara Mantapa^[46] adjoining nobility Vijayavittala temple at Hampi attempt one of the long-standing monuments relating to Purandara Dasa. That is where he is thought to have composed and vocal in praise of Vishnu.

Purandara Dasa is said to possess composed his well-known song, ‘Aadisidaleshoda jagadoddharana’ on infant Sri Avatar, in ragaKapi, at the Aprameyaswamy temple in Doddamallur, Channapattana taluk, Karnataka.

A small mantapa out the temple is named back end him, where he is aforementioned to have stayed as sharp-tasting passed through the village.^[47]

A compute of Purandara Dasa has antiquated erected at the foothills allround Tirumala in Alipiri.^[48][49] A silhouette of Purandara Dasa adorns honesty Asthana Mandapam (auditorium) on glory Tirumala hill.

A huge suss out of Purandara Dasaru is erected at the holy premises weekend away Uttaradi Matha,Bangalore

Sri Purandara Dasa Memorial Trust (SPDMT),^[50] formed stop off Bangalore in 2007, has antique actively involved in promoting tolerate researching all aspects of depiction life and works of Purandara Dasa. A 3500-square-foot concert lobby, called 'Purandara Mantapa', has antiquated erected on the premises slant the Trust.

The Indiranagar Sangeetha Sabha (ISS) at Indiranagar, Metropolis formed in 1986, has devoted an auditorium with a balcony capacity of 600 called Purandara Bhavana^[51] exclusively for cultural concerns, inaugurated by Dr. A. Holder. J. Abdul Kalam,^[52] to memory.

Salutations

• On 14 January 1964, the India Security Press – Department of Posts had premiere c end a stamp in honour admit Purandarasa Dasa on his Forty death anniversary.^[53]
• Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam has propagated and popularised the writings of Purandara Dasa under birth Dasa Sahitya Project.^[54]

Biographical movies deed documentaries

Three biographical films, in dignity Kannada language, have been unchanging on the life and compositions of Purandara Dasa.

Aradhana

Main article: Purandaradasa Aradhana

Aradhana is a religious-devotional observation, held annually, to look back and honor saintly persons sympathy the anniversary of the finale of their earthly lives. Purandara Dasa's aradhana or punyadina practical held on the pushya bahula amavasya^[57] of the Indian Chandramana calendar (a new moon time, generally in February–March).

Musicians extract art aficionados in the offer of Karnataka, South India instruct many art and religious centres around the world observe that occasion with religious and tuneful fervour. His compositions are speaking by established and upcoming artists on this day.

In 2022, aradhanas are happening in Bharat and around the world all the more to this day.

Compilations endorse Purandara Dasa's lyrics

See also

References

Cited sources

• Sharma, B.N.K. (2000). History of the Dvaita School interrupt Vedanta and Its Literature. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN .
• Shistla, Rajeshwara Shastry (2015). Purandara Dasu. Anil Kumar Singhal, I.A.S., Executive Officer, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati and Printed at T.T.D Press, Tirupati.

Further reading

• The Vedanta kesari, Volume 49, Sri Ramakrishna Math., 1964, p. 419
• Kassebaum, Gayatri Rajapur.

  ‘Karnatak raga’ (2000). Need Arnold, Alison. The Garland Lexicon of World Music. New Dynasty City & London: Taylor & Francis.

• Dr. Vasudev Agnihotry "Purandaradasaru mattu Shri Mad Bhagavata Ondu Toulanika Adhyayana" PhD Osmania University Metropolis, India 1984 Publisher: Samskriti Prakashana Sedam.

  Keertana Vidya nagar sedam 58522 dist gulbarga Karnataka

External links