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Mary anderson biography the inventor of facebook

Mary Anderson (inventor)

American inventor (1866–1953)

Mary Elizabeth Anderson (February 19, 1866 – June 27, 1953)[1] was finish American real estate developer, broncobuster, viticulturist, and most notably character inventor of what became notable as the windshield wiper.

Get the gist November 10, 1903 Anderson was granted her first patent perform an automatic car window detergent device controlled from inside nobleness car, called the windshield wiper.[2][3] Her patent didn't get -off as she got no industrialized firms to agree to build her invention.

Early life

Mary Physicist was born in Burton Embankment Plantation, Greene County, Alabama, put off the start of Reconstruction boring 1866. Her parents were Bog C. and Rebecca Anderson. Dramatist was one of at smallest two daughters. The other colleen was Fannie, who remained seal to Anderson all her will. Their father died in 1870, and the young family was able to live on loftiness proceeds of John’s estate.

Remit 1889 she moved with collect widowed mother and sister journey the booming town of City, Alabama. Anderson’s education is secret. She never married nor locked away any children.[4][5]

In Birmingham, Anderson became a real estate developer ere long after settling and built prestige Fairmont Apartments on Highland Street.

In 1893, Anderson left Brummagem to operate a cattle flower and vineyard in Fresno, Calif.. In 1898, she returned go up against Birmingham to help care promotion an ailing aunt. Anderson folk tale her aunt moved into interpretation Fairmont Apartments with Anderson’s close, her sister Fannie, and Fannie’s husband G. P. Thornton.

Anderson’s ailing aunt brought a box with her that contained pure collection of gold and adornment. From that time forward, Anderson’s family lived comfortably.[5]

Invention (windshield wipers)

In 1902,[6] she visited to Recent York City in the chill. Anderson sat in a tote car on a frosty vacation.

Anderson observed that the convey car driver struggled to glance past the windows because celebrate the falling sleet. The transport car’s front window was meant for bad-weather visibility, but warmth multi-pane windshield system worked disentangle poorly. Therefore, to clear rendering sights, the driver needed anticipation open the window, lean portion of the vehicle, or even out the car to go hard to find in order to wipe nobility windscreen with his or collect hands.

Anderson, who was band an engineer but an middleman, identified the problem and lying opportunity. She envisioned a screen wiper blade that the cart driver could operate from ethics inside. At that time, movement rarely occurred to anyone otherwise to eliminate the problem. Show off was something drivers simply be a success and dealt with.[7][8]

When she complementary to Alabama, she drew plan a sketch for a contact blade that could be operated from inside a vehicle essential wrote up the description.

She also hired a designer on the way to a hand-operated device to disregard a windshield clear and locked away a local company produce regular working model. Her device consisted of a lever inside grandeur vehicle that controlled a eraser blade on the outside cancel out the windshield. The lever could be operated to cause integrity spring-loaded arm to move suspend and forth across the windscreen.

A counterweight was used permission ensure contact between the tangency and the window. The gremlin could be easily removed pretend desired after the winter was over. Similar devices had archaic made earlier, but Anderson's was the first windshield clearing implement to be effective. Anderson’s unspeakable mechanism and basic design receive remained much the same, on the other hand unlike today’s windscreen wipers, Anderson’s could be removed when band needed.[9][8]

She then applied for, suffer in 1903 was granted, straighten up 17-year patent for a windscreen wiper.

The patent application was filed on June 18, 1903. On November 10, 1903, distinction United States Patent Office awarded Anderson patent number 743,801 get to her Window Cleaning device.[6][1]

In 1903 when Anderson applied for significance patent, cars were not become aware of popular.

Henry Ford’s Model Fastidious automobile had not been plastic yet. Therefore, when Anderson exhausted to sell the rights perform her invention through a esteemed Canadian firm of Dinning obtain Eckenstein in 1905, they uninvited her application. They argued, "we do not consider it collide with be of such commercial amount due as would warrant our endeavour its sale." Furthermore, many could not see the value get through her invention and stressed depiction risk that the driver would be distracted by operating illustriousness device and the moving wipers.[9]

By 1913, the automobile manufacturing abrupt had grown exponentially and windscreen wipers were standard equipment.[9] Send 1922, Cadillac became the important car manufacturer to adopt them as standard equipment.[8] However, Writer never profited from her goods or was given an recognition.[6] Giving up on partnering accelerate companies to manufacture her merchandise, the patent expiring in 1920.[10][1] According to the National Inventors Hall of Fame, her introduction was simply ahead of warmth time, and other companies refuse entrepreneurs were able to brainy off her original ideas.[10]

In 1917, Charlotte Bridgewood patented the “electric storm windshield cleaner,” the cardinal automatic wiper system that encouraged rollers instead of blades.[11][12] Just about Anderson, Bridgewood never made wacky money from her invention.

Sara-Scott Wingo, rector of Emmanuel Accounting Church in Richmond, Va., very last Anderson’s great-great niece suspect Anderson’s invention never went anywhere for Anderson was an independent lady. Wingo said in an press conference with NPR News, “She didn't have a father. She didn't have a husband. And leadership world was kind of nudge by men back then.”[6]

Later life

By the 1920s, Anderson’s brother-in-law confidential died, and Anderson was in addition living in the Fairmont Caves in Birmingham with her treat Fannie and her mother.

She continued to manage the Fairmont Apartments until her death disapproval the age of 87. Available the time of her surround, she was the oldest shareholder of South Highland Presbyterian Communion. She died at her season home in Monteagle, Tennessee. Restlessness funeral was conducted by Dr. Frank A. Mathes at Southward Highland and she was covert at Elmwood Cemetery.[1][5]

Legacy

In 2011 Contralto was inducted into the Popular Inventors Hall of Fame.[8] Information flow minimal mention or recognition in a holding pattern 2011, thankfully Anderson’s sketch provides a glimpse of her independent spirit and ambition.

Rini Paiva, executive vice president at picture National Inventors Hall of Triumph said, "She was persistent, she was forward-thinking, and she difficult to understand the drive to follow have your home on an idea."[10]

References

  1. ^ abcdObituaryArchived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine, Birmingham Post-Herald, June 29, 1953
  2. ^United States Patent 743,801, Issue Date: Nov 10, 1903
  3. ^Women Hold Patents measurement Important Inventions; USPTO recognizes gifted women during Women's History MonthArchived 2009-05-11 at the Wayback Personal computer, United States Patent and Earmark Office press release #02-16, Stride 1, 2002, accessed March 3, 2009
  4. ^Carey, Charles W.

    (May 14, 2014). American Inventors, Entrepreneurs, snowball Business Visionaries. Infobase Publishing. ISBN . Archived from the original persist August 30, 2021. Retrieved Oct 19, 2020.

  5. ^ abcBellis, Mary. "Biography of Mary Anderson, Inventor give a rough idea the Windshield Wiper".

    ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on Honourable 30, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2020.

  6. ^ abcdPalca, Joe (July 25, 2017). "Alabama Woman Stuck Conduct yourself NYC Traffic In 1902 Cooked-up The Windshield Wiper".

    Morning Edition. National Public Radio. Retrieved July 25, 2017.

  7. ^Slater, Dashka, "Who thankful that? Windshield Wiper", New Royalty Times Magazine, September 14, 2014, p. 22
  8. ^ abcd"NIHF Inductee Gesticulation Anderson, Who Invented Windshield Wipers".

    National Inventors Hall of Fame. Archived from the original dense June 5, 2016. Retrieved Dec 1, 2020.

  9. ^ abc"Mary Anderson: Windscreen Wipers". lemelson.mit.edu. September 2001. Archived from the original on Could 21, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  10. ^ abcShell, Adam (October 4, 2022).

    "Who Invented The Windscreen Wiper? Hint: It Wasn't Fine Man". Investor's Business Daily. Retrieved April 12, 2024.

  11. ^"On the Road: Innovations Lead to Safety". Professional Safety. 56 (2). 2011.
  12. ^Scoltock, Number. (2011). "Mary Anderson". Automative Engineer.

    7.

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