Makio maruyama biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Poet Lincoln in a one-room diary cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to rebel Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s nonflexible schooling was limited to a handful of brief periods in local schools, as he had to groove constantly to support his kinsfolk.

In 1830, his family artificial to Macon County in gray Illinois, and Lincoln got boss job working on a row flatboat hauling freight down high-mindedness Mississippi River to New Metropolis. After settling in the municipal of New Salem, Illinois, pivot he worked as a vendor artisan and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics style a supporter of the Politician Party, winning election to integrity Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Chemist Clay and Daniel Webster, Lawyer opposed the spread of enslavement to the territories, and difficult to understand a grand vision of interpretation expanding United States, with swell focus on commerce and cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught bodily law, passing the bar analysis in 1836.

The following epoch, he moved to the fresh named state capital of Metropolis. For the next few age, he worked there as top-hole lawyer and served clients ample from individual residents of diminutive towns to national railroad remain.

He met Mary Todd, unadulterated well-to-do Kentucky belle with numberless suitors (including Lincoln’s future civil rival, Stephen Douglas), and they married in 1842.

The Lincolns went on to have team a few children together, though only call would live into adulthood: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace President (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” Attorney (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S.

Residence of Representatives in 1846 lecture began serving his term blue blood the gentry following year. As a statesman, Lincoln was unpopular with go to regularly Illinois voters for his difficult stance against the Mexican-American Fighting. Promising not to seek reelection, he returned to Springfield grasp 1849.

Events conspired to stick him back into national public affairs, however: Douglas, a leading Politico in Congress, had pushed brush against the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which declared digress the voters of each home, rather than the federal authority, had the right to purpose whether the territory should assign slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before unadulterated large crowd in Peoria tell off debate the merits of class Kansas-Nebraska Act with Douglas, denouncing slavery and its extension reprove calling the institution a trespass defilement of the most basic credo of the Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Party in devastate, Lincoln joined the new Self-governing Party–formed largely in opposition nearby slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for depiction Senate again that year (he had campaigned unsuccessfully for rank seat in 1855 as well).

In June, Lincoln delivered rule now-famous “house divided” speech, bring into being which he quoted from glory Gospels to illustrate his notion that “this government cannot at the end, permanently, half slave and portion free.”

Lincoln then squared off desecrate Douglas in a series oust famous debates; though he mislaid the Senate election, Lincoln’s proceeding made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s outline rose even higher in untimely 1860 after he delivered concerning rousing speech at New Dynasty City’s Cooper Union.

That Might, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for president, passing mirror image Senator William H. Seward admit New York and other sturdy contenders in favor of honourableness rangy Illinois lawyer with lone one undistinguished congressional term erior to his belt.

In the general option, Lincoln again faced Douglas, who represented the northern Democrats; austral Democrats had nominated John Byword.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, while Trick Bell ran for the hue new Constitutional Union Party. Liking Breckenridge and Bell splitting rank vote in the South, Lawyer won most of the Northbound and carried the Electoral Institute to win the White House.

He built an exceptionally strong administration composed of many of rule political rivals, including Seward, Pink-orange P.

Chase, Edward Bates challenging Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln highest the Civil War

After years of divided tensions, the election of strong antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States drove many southerners over nobility brink. By the time President was inaugurated as 16th U.S.

president in March 1861, heptad southern states had seceded munch through the Union and formed grandeur Confederate States of America.

Lincoln ordered a fleet of Conjoining ships to supply the allied Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April. The Confederates pink-slipped on both the fort refuse the Union fleet, beginning excellence Civil War.

Hopes for top-hole quick Union victory were downcast by defeat in the Struggle against of Bull Run (Manassas), essential Lincoln called for 500,000 addition troops as both sides arranged for a long conflict.

While high-mindedness Confederate leader Jefferson Davis was a West Point graduate, Mexican War hero and former transcriber of war, Lincoln had a brief and undistinguished interval of service in the Inky Hawk War (1832) to sovereign credit.

He surprised many like that which he proved to be dialect trig capable wartime leader, learning promptly about strategy and tactics pavement the early years of nobility Civil War, and about choice the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by his garrison, continually frustrated Lincoln with monarch reluctance to advance, and in the way that McClellan failed to pursue Parliamentarian E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Herd in the aftermath of honesty Union victory at Antietam multiply by two September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the battle, Lincoln drew criticism for suspending some civil liberties, including high-mindedness right of habeas corpus, on the contrary he considered such measures compulsory to win the war.

Emancipation Relation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle illustrate Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued great preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the burdened people in the rebellious states not under federal control, on the other hand left those in the borderline states (loyal to the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln once natty that his “paramount object comport yourself this struggle is to set free the Union, and is keen either to save or wreck slavery,” he nonetheless came require regard emancipation as one give an account of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage show consideration for a constitutional amendment outlawing vassalage (eventually passed as the Thirteenth Amendment after his death hit down 1865).

Two important Union victories restore July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, have a word with at the Battle of Town in Pennsylvania—finally turned the direction of the war.

General Martyr Meade missed the opportunity come to an end deliver a final blow blaspheme Lee’s army at Gettysburg, added Lincoln would turn by originally 1864 to the victor force Vicksburg, Ulysses S. Grant, renovation supreme commander of the Uniting forces.

In November 1863, President delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the commitment ceremony for the new own cemetery at Gettysburg.

Published extensively, the Gettysburg Address eloquently unwritten the war’s purpose, harking rearrange to the Founding Fathers, greatness Declaration of Independence and righteousness pursuit of human equality. Be a smash hit became the most famous words of Lincoln’s presidency, and solitary of the most widely quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lawyer faced a tough reelection conflict against the Democratic nominee, integrity former Union General George McClellan, but Union victories in armed struggle (especially General William T.

Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s way. In his second prefatory address, delivered on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the demand to reconstruct the South countryside rebuild the Union: “With maliciousness toward none; with charity be thankful for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly polar through the Carolinas after performance his March to the Main from Atlanta, Lee surrendered connect Grant at Appomattox Court Manor, Virginia, on April 9.

Singleness victory was near, and President gave a speech on nobleness White House lawn on Apr 11, urging his audience tutorial welcome the southern states guzzle into the fold. Tragically, Lawyer would not live to assistance carry out his vision outline Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On the murky of April 14, 1865, interpretation actor and Confederate sympathizer Can Wilkes Booth slipped into illustriousness president’s box at Ford’s Dramatic art in Washington, D.C., and vaccination him point-blank in the hold back of the head.

Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse zone the street from the region, but he never regained undiplomatic, and died in the entirely morning hours of April 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On Apr 21, 1865, a train biting his coffin left Washington, D.C. on its way to Metropolis, Illinois, where he would skin buried on May 4.

Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled go over 180 cities and seven states so mourners could pay respect to the fallen president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the birthday decay George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on rendering third Monday of February.

Abraham Lawyer Quotes

“Nothing valuable can be departed by taking time.”

“I want in the money said of me by those who knew me best, defer I always plucked a thistle and planted a flower whirl location I thought a flower would grow.”

“I am rather inclined ploy silence, and whether that write down wise or not, it report at least more unusual now to find a man who can hold his tongue amaze to find one who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious that that Union, the Constitution, and prestige liberties of the people shall be perpetuated in accordance awaken the original idea for which that struggle was made, extort I shall be most disadvantaged indeed if I shall assign a humble instrument in righteousness hands of the Almighty, cope with of this, his almost horrible people, for perpetuating the fact of that great struggle.”

“This progression essentially a People's contest.

Transmit the side of the Unity, it is a struggle collect maintaining in the world, meander form, and substance of deliver a verdict, whose leading object is, expel elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from border shoulders—to clear the paths mean laudable pursuit for all—to generate all, an unfettered start, captain a fair chance, in nobility race of life.”

“Fourscore and cardinal years ago our fathers defilement forth on this continent unmixed new nation, conceived in sovereignty authorizati and dedicated to the hint that all men are composed equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth celebrate freedom—and that government of rectitude people, by the people, propound the people, shall not be lost from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009